Spine Surgery
Spine surgery addresses conditions like slipped discs, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis — using minimally invasive techniques that reduce pain, restore function, and get you moving again.
Overview
The spine is a complex structure of vertebrae, discs, nerves, and ligaments. When discs herniate, vertebrae slip, or the spinal canal narrows, the resulting pressure on spinal nerves causes back pain, leg pain (sciatica), numbness, and weakness. Surgery is considered when conservative treatments fail to provide relief after 6-12 weeks.
Our spine surgeons perform microdiscectomy (disc removal), laminectomy (decompression), and spinal fusion with instrumentation — frequently using minimally invasive tubular retractors that spare muscle and speed recovery. Most patients walk the same day and go home within 24-48 hours.
Causes
- Herniated (slipped) disc — the soft inner gel pushes through a tear in the outer disc wall
- Spinal stenosis — age-related narrowing of the spinal canal
- Spondylolisthesis — one vertebra slips forward over another
- Degenerative disc disease
- Trauma or fracture
- Tumours or infection (rare)
Symptoms
- Lower back pain that radiates down the leg (sciatica)
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in legs or feet
- Difficulty walking or standing for long periods
- Loss of bladder or bowel control (cauda equina syndrome — a surgical emergency)
- Pain that worsens with bending forward or sitting
Diagnosis
- MRI — gold standard for visualising discs, nerves, and spinal canal
- X-rays — shows alignment, fractures, and arthritis
- CT scan — detailed bone anatomy for surgical planning
- Nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCV) — assesses nerve damage severity
Treatment Options
Microdiscectomy
Removal of the herniated disc fragment pressing on the nerve through a 2-3cm incision. Day-care or overnight stay.
Laminectomy (decompression)
Removal of the lamina bone to create more space for nerves. For spinal stenosis.
Spinal fusion
Two or more vertebrae are permanently joined with bone graft and screws/rods. For instability or spondylolisthesis.
Disc replacement (arthroplasty)
Artificial disc replaces the damaged one, preserving motion. Alternative to fusion for select patients.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is spine surgery risky?
Modern minimally invasive spine surgery has a high success rate with low complication risk. Serious complications (nerve injury, infection) occur in less than 1-2% of cases.
Will I need physiotherapy after spine surgery?
Yes. Structured physiotherapy is essential for recovery. Most patients start gentle exercises within 2 weeks and progress gradually.
Ready to Discuss Your Treatment?
Our spine surgery specialists in Kondapur are here to help. Most consultations available within 24 hours.