Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein — usually in the leg. It requires prompt medical treatment to prevent the clot from traveling to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
Overview
Deep vein thrombosis most commonly affects the deep veins of the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. The clot blocks normal blood flow, causing swelling, pain, and redness. The greatest danger is that a piece of the clot can break off and travel to the lungs — a pulmonary embolism (PE), which is life-threatening.
Treatment aims to prevent clot extension, embolisation, and recurrence. Anticoagulants (blood thinners) are the mainstay. In severe cases — massive iliofemoral DVT — catheter-directed thrombolysis can dissolve the clot directly. Compression stockings prevent long-term complications like post-thrombotic syndrome.
Causes
- Prolonged immobility — long flights, bed rest, hospitalisation
- Recent surgery or major trauma
- Pregnancy and postpartum period
- Cancer and chemotherapy
- Inherited clotting disorders (thrombophilia)
- Obesity, smoking, oral contraceptives, hormone therapy
Symptoms
- Swelling in one leg (rarely both)
- Pain or tenderness — often starts in the calf, feels like a cramp
- Warmth and redness over the affected area
- Dilated superficial veins
- Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing blood — signs of pulmonary embolism (emergency)
Diagnosis
- D-dimer blood test — elevated levels suggest clot breakdown; negative result rules out DVT
- Colour Doppler ultrasound — visualises the clot and assesses blood flow
- Venography — dye injected into the vein and X-ray taken (rarely needed)
- CT pulmonary angiogram — if PE is suspected
Treatment Options
Anticoagulation
Injectable low-molecular-weight heparin followed by oral warfarin or DOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban) for 3-6 months.
Catheter-directed thrombolysis
A catheter delivers clot-dissolving medication directly into the clot. For massive DVT threatening the limb.
IVC filter
A small device placed in the inferior vena cava to catch clots before they reach the lungs. For patients who can't take blood thinners.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can DVT resolve on its own?
Small clots may be partially dissolved by the body's natural mechanisms, but untreated DVT carries a 30-50% risk of pulmonary embolism. Medical treatment is essential.
How long will I need blood thinners?
Typically 3-6 months for a first DVT with a reversible cause. Recurrent or unprovoked DVT may require lifelong anticoagulation.
Ready to Discuss Your Treatment?
Our deep vein thrombosis (dvt) specialists in Kondapur are here to help. Most consultations available within 24 hours.